• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a micromechanical part, intended in particular for clockwork mechanisms, locally comprising at least one microstructured zone (1) by means of a laser, the microstructured zone having a three-dimensional surface formed of microcavities configured to serve as a tank for a lubricating substance.
    公开号:CH710846A2
    申请号:CH00348/15
    申请日:2015-03-13
    公开日:2016-09-15
    发明作者:Burri Yves；Marlot Doerr Agnès
    申请人:Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the invention
    The invention relates to micromechanical parts, including those of a mechanical watch, some of the moving parts are made to be lubricated.
    Background of the invention
    [0002] It is known that in watchmaking mechanisms, there are many parts in motion and in frictional contact with each other. This friction must be reduced as much as possible because it can affect the precision and / or the autonomy of the mechanism.
    Indeed, friction leads to wear of the parts, an increase in energy consumption to move the parts and a slowing down of the movement.
    To reduce these friction it is known to use liquid or viscous lubricants. These lubricants are used sparingly on well-defined areas and in suitable quantities. This type of lubricant must be able to slip between two parts to minimize friction or must be removed during assembly. On the other hand, the ability to slip between two rooms can also escape from the space where it has been deposited. It is also very sensitive to the environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity because its viscosity evolves according to these.
    A disadvantage of such a solution is that these liquid or viscous lubricants are modified in the direction of degradation, for example by loading with dust or becoming more viscous or losing their lubricating capacity by oxidation.
    Another disadvantage is that this type of lubricant is fluid or viscous, the movement of the parts tends to move the lubricant from the contact area to a non-frictional area.
    It is therefore necessary to conduct regular maintenance which consists in cleaning the parts in friction and replace the used lubricant with a new lubricant in the appropriate places.
    The lubrication of a watch mechanism aims to control the friction of moving parts. It obeys complex and precise rules in order to guarantee maximum and lasting reliability. Its action, by a film of oil or grease, prevents the direct contact of the materials in the presence, which results in a reduction of the energy losses and the wear, due to the friction, as well as an increase of the mechanical efficiency. Depending on the parts in contact, different oils or greases are applied with varying viscosities and in specific amounts.
    In practice, losses of lubrication are observed over time, for example on rotating parts that exert a projection effect and promote leakage. Therefore, regular maintenance (cleaning and / or epilamming and oiling) must be performed on the movements. To reduce the frequency and costs of these interviews, various solutions have been considered and applied in the watch industry.
    The first solution is focused on special lubricant formulations. Lubric is an example. It corresponds to a mixture of Moebius oil 9010 and solid particles of MoS2. In production, this mixture is deposited by spray on the sides of escape wheels, giving a typical black and pasty coloration. The micrograins make it possible to trap, like a sponge, the thixotropic oil 9415 applied in a second step on the wheel. The lubricant ensures a more stable and durable operation than standard lubrication. However, it poses strong aesthetic problems, especially for premium brands that have high standards in this area.
    Another solution is to structure the basic material constituting the movement piece. Such a solution is described in DE 10 2009 046 647. The base part made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprises an oxide-based coating formed by anodic oxidation. This coating although hard has a honeycomb structure with pores that can receive an oil, grease or a solid lubricant. However, such a solution does not allow to be applied selectively to precisely defined areas of the room. In addition, it is limited to only one type of base material, namely aluminum-based alloys.
    Summary of the invention
    The invention particularly aims to overcome the various disadvantages of these known techniques.
    More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide localized lubrication to optimize the role of the lubricant.
    The invention also aims, at least in a particular embodiment, to provide lubrication that is reliable and durable.
    These objectives, as well as others which will appear more clearly later, are achieved according to the invention with the aid of a micromechanical part, intended in particular for clockwork mechanisms, comprising locally at least one zone. microstructured by means of a laser, the microstructured area having a three-dimensional surface formed of microcavities configured to serve as a reservoir for a lubricating substance.
    [0016] Thus, the object of the present invention, by its different functional and structural aspects described above, makes it possible to obtain a part whose zones subjected to friction have localized lubrication making it possible to optimize the role of the lubricant and to increase the efficiency by concentrating the lubricant in the areas subject to friction, the laser engraving technique has the advantage of providing a very high accuracy of realization.
    According to other advantageous variants of the invention:the microstructured zone presents a network of microcavities distributed on a regular basis;the depth P of the microcavities is less than or equal to 100 μm;the diameter L of the microcavities is between 0.1 μm and 100 μm, and preferably between 1 μm and 10 μm;the depth P and the diameter L of the microcavities can vary within the same microstructured zone;the depth P of the microcavities is greater than the diameter L of the microcavities;the microcavities are in the form of holes or canyons;the microstructured zone is produced by a laser pulse machining method, for example a picosecond or a femtosecond method;the microstructured zone is made of metal, ceramic, polymer or composite. Examples of metal or metal alloys are steel, aluminum, titanium, brass, nickel or gold;the microstructured zone can also be ruby, silicon, quartz or diamond.
    According to the invention, the microstructured zone may be an inner wall of a barrel, a rotating axis of rotation, exhaust vanes, exhaust wheel teeth, or even pivoting stones.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Other features and advantages will clearly be described in the following description, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:<tb> Figs. 1a and 2a <SEP> are schematic views from above of a microstructured zone according to two distinct embodiments;<tb> figs. 1b and 2b <SEP> are respectively sectional views along planes II and III of FIGS. 1a and 2a;<tb> figs. 3a and 3b <SEP> respectively illustrate a perspective view of an exhaust pallet having a microstructured area and a sectional view of the pallet.
    Detailed description of the preferred embodiments;
    A micromechanical component according to a particular embodiment will now be described in the following with reference to FIGS. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b.
    The invention relates to a micromechanical component, intended in particular for clockwork mechanisms, locally comprising at least one microstructured zone 1 by means of a laser, the microstructured zone 1 having a three-dimensional surface formed of microcavities 10 configured to serve tank for a lubricating substance.
    A first embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 1a, and schematically represents a microstructured zone 1 of a micromechanical component. Microcavities can be observed formed on the surface of the workpiece on a regular basis.
    The microstructured zone 1 is formed by a network of microcavities 10 formed by means of a laser whose duration of the pulses is of the order of the femtosecond, that is to say 10 <-> <15> second (typically 100 fs). Pulse duration can range from femtosecond to picosecond (10 <-> <12> seconds). The laser is used to modify the structure of the micromechanical part and locally form a microstructured area 1 having a three-dimensional surface. For this purpose, the laser is set in motion so that it sweeps the surface of the microstructure part to locally cause a change in the structure of the material of the part.
    One can also imagine that it is the part that is set in motion, or a combination of both, so as to change the structure of the room.
    According to the invention, the microstructured zone 1 has a network of microcavities 10 distributed in a regular manner following a precise diagram as illustrated in FIG. 1a. The distribution of microcavities can obviously be performed randomly by programming the movements of the laser and / or the part.
    The microcavities 10 forming the three-dimensional surface can be defined according to the following three parameters: the shape, the dimensions, namely the diameter L and the depth P, and the surface of recovery.
    The depth P of the microcavities 10 is advantageously less than or equal to 100 microns, and the diameter L of the microcavities 10 is between 0.1 microns and 100 microns, and preferably between 1 micron and 10 microns.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the depth P and the diameter L of the microcavities 10 may vary within the same microstructured zone 1. It may for example be envisaged that a first third of the microstructured zone 1 has microcavities 10 having a depth of 1 μm and a diameter of 10 μm, a second third of the microstructured zone 1 has microcavities 10 having a depth of 10 μm and a diameter of 100 μm, and a third third has microcavities 10 having a depth of 1 micron and a diameter of 10 microns. Thus the combinations may vary according to the needs of the skilled person, that is to say, depending on the type of application and the type of room.
    According to a variant of the invention, the depth P of the microcavities 10 is greater than the diameter L of the microcavities, of the order of three for example.
    According to the needs of the skilled person, the microcavities 10 may take different forms, and be for example hemispherical, elliptical, parallelepiped or be in the form of grooves. Embodiments respectively having microcavities 10 of hemispherical shape and microcavities 10 in the form of grooves are illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 2a.
    According to the invention, the microcavities 10 forming the microstructured zone 1 can occupy a variable surface, for example the microcavities can occupy 20% of the surface of the microstructured zone so as not to saturate the microstructured zone with lubricating substance 1 .
    As can be seen in the sectional view in FIG. 1b, according to the line ll-ll of FIG. 1a, the diameter L of the microcavities 10 may vary according to the depth P. It is the same for the width L of the grooves in the sectional view in FIG. 2b, according to the line III-III of FIG. 1b.
    According to the micromechanical part receiving the modification, the zone to be microstructured may be metal, metal alloy, ceramic, polymer or composite. The metals or metal alloys can be for example steel, aluminum, titanium, brass, nickel or gold. The zone to be microstructured can also be in ruby, silicon, quartz or diamond.
    The micromechanical parts having at least one microstructured zone 1 may be, for example, an inner wall of a cylinder, an axis of mobile rotation, exhaust vanes, exhaust wheel teeth, or still some pivoting stones.
    An exemplary embodiment for a pallet 100 of an anchor is illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
    Referring to FIGS. 3a and 3b, there is an anchor pallet 100. The pallet is a generally ruby piece whose all faces are polished and which is driven and glued in a housing 104 formed in the arm 101 of an anchor 102. The pallet 100 comprises a pulse plane 100a, a rest plane 100b and a leakage plane 100c, the pulse plane 100a and the leakage plane 100c intersecting at an output edge or pulse tip 100d. The impulse plane 100a and the rest plane 100b cooperate respectively with the teeth 106 of an escape wheel and more particularly with the rest plane 106a and the stopper 106b of the teeth 106. The escape wheel rotates. in a conventional manner step by step in the direction of the arrow F. Particularly important lubrication points are therefore the pulse plane 100a and the rest plane 100b so that a presence of lubricant between the teeth of the wheel of exhaust and these plans is necessary during the different phases of operation of the exhaust.
    To do this, the pallet 100 comprises a microstructured zone serving as a reservoir for this lubricant. It will be noted that the dimensions of the microstructured zone are substantially equivalent to or greater than those of the tooth 106 of the escape wheel.
    According to the invention, the microstructured zone connects the leakage plane 100c to the pulse plane 100a and to the rest plane 100b so as to establish a lubrication zone on the surface in contact with the teeth 106 of the wheel. 'exhaust.
    As can be seen in FIG. 3b, the lubricant 107 which is deposited on the microstructured zone of the pallet 100 in the form of a drop is introduced by capillarity into the microcavities and fills the latter until a drop 107a is formed which projects slightly to from the pulse plane 100a. A drop 107b is also formed on the rest plane 100b when the pallet 100 is in contact with the tooth 106.
    With these various aspects of the invention, there is an exhaust pallet with localized lubrication to optimize the role of the lubricant and increase the efficiency by concentrating the lubricant in the areas subject to friction. As the lubricant is trapped in the microstructured zone, the phenomena of leaks and migrations are reduced and the duration of the lubrication is considerably increased. Similarly, the frequency and maintenance costs of the movement of the watch are decreased.
    Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible to various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, any piece forming the movement of a watch and subjected to friction is likely to include a microstructured area as described above.
    NOMENCLATURE
    [0042]<tb> 1 <SEP> Microstructured area,<Tb> 10 <September> microcavity,<Tb> 100 <September> Palette<tb> 100a <SEP> Pulse Plan,<tb> 100b <SEP> Rest Plan,<tb> 100c <SEP> Leakage Plan,<tb> 100d <SEP> Exit stop,<Tb> 101 <September> Bras<Tb> 102 <September> Anchor,<Tb> 104 <September> Housing,<Tb> 106 <September> Dent,<tb> 106a <SEP> Rest plan,<tb> 106b <SEP> Resting nozzle,<tb> 107a, 107b <SEP> Drop of lubricating substance,<tb> P <SEP> Depth of the microcavity,<tb> L <SEP> Diameter or width of the microcavity.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. micromechanical part, intended in particular for clockwork mechanisms, locally comprising at least one microstructured zone (1) by means of a laser, the at least one microstructured zone (1) having a three-dimensional surface formed of microcavities (10) configured to serve as a reservoir for a lubricating substance.
    [2]
    2. micromechanical part according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microstructured zone (1) has a network of microcavities (10) distributed randomly.
    [3]
    3. micromechanical part according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microstructured zone (1) has a network of microcavities (10) distributed in a regular manner.
    [4]
    4. Micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the depth P microcavities (10) is less than or equal to 100 microns.
    [5]
    5. micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diameter L of microcavities (10) is between 0.1 microns and 100 microns, and preferably between 1 micron and 10 microns.
    [6]
    6. Micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the depth P and the diameter L of the microcavities (10) may vary within the same microstructured zone (1).
    [7]
    7. micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the depth P microcavities (10) is greater than the diameter L microcavities (10).
    [8]
    8. micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the microcavities (10) may be hemispherical, elliptical, parallelepiped or in the form of grooves.
    [9]
    9. micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the microstructured area (1) is performed by a method of machining pulsed laser picosecond or femtosecond.
    [10]
    10. micromechanical part according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the microstructured zone (1) is metal, metal alloy, ceramic, polymer, composite, silicon, ruby, quartz or diamond.
    [11]
    11. Micromechanical part according to claim 10, wherein the metal or metal alloy is based on steel, aluminum, brass, nickel, titanium or gold.
    [12]
    12. micromechanical part according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the microstructured zone (1) may be an inner wall of a barrel, a rotating axis of rotation, exhaust vanes, escape wheel teeth. , or even pivoting stones.
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    同族专利:
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    CH710846B1|2018-11-15|
    引用文献:
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    EP3608727A1|2018-08-09|2020-02-12|Nivarox-FAR S.A.|Component, in particular for a timepiece, with a surface topology and manufacturing method thereof|
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    EP3819713A1|2019-11-05|2021-05-12|Patek Philippe SA Genève|Pallet, wheel, needle or bridge for a clock piece|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00348/15A|CH710846B1|2015-03-13|2015-03-13|Micromechanical part comprising a microstructured tribological reservoir for a lubricating substance.|CH00348/15A| CH710846B1|2015-03-13|2015-03-13|Micromechanical part comprising a microstructured tribological reservoir for a lubricating substance.|
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